what happens when amber is rubbed with silk

Amber is fossilized pine resin, and was used by the Greeks, much as it is used today, as a gem stone. That depends a lot on the minute details of material. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 5 When a glass rod is rubbed with a piece of silk cloth the rod * 1 point? what happens when amber is rubbed with wool or silk or fur? How to increase the number of CPUs in my computer? What happens when you rub silk on a glass rod? Why can't charged objects exert electrostatic forces on heavier objects? Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. 1 What happened when Thales rubbed an amber into a woolen cloth? Only a tiny fraction of the charges are involved, and only a few of them are shown here. (U) 28. Copyright 2023 Quick-Advice.com | All rights reserved. The force between the charges decreases as the distance between them increases. Which scientists observed that a rubbing piece of amber could attract pieces of fiber off a cloth? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Observe what happens. When amber is rubbed with wool or silk attracts light objects? When an amber and a silk cloth is rubbed over each other what kind of charge gets accumulated in silk cloth? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. How does friction facilitate charge redistribution? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". JavaScript is disabled. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (U) 26. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. When glass is rubbed with silk the glass becomes positively . Repeat the experiment, rubbing each article in turn with a silk cloth. This is explained with the help of the concept of static electricity. The name electricity is coined from the Greek word elektron meaning amber. This is explained with the help of the concept of static electricity. Glass rod rubbed with silk becomes positive because electrons leave the glass and stick to the . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. When amber rubbed with fur the amber becomes positively charged. Why is the uncharged sphere attracted to the negatively charged rod? First, we need to obtain the gradient: $$ \nabla_{x} f(x)=A^{\top}(A x-b)=A^{\top} A x-A^{\top} b . This is because silk is less positive than fur in the Triboelectric Series table. For example, when a plastic bar is rubbed with fur, electrons will move from the fur to the plastic. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Copyright 2023 ElegantQuestion.com | All rights reserved. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! The Greek word for amber is elektron, so he named such materials electricks and their attraction the electrick force. From that grew modern terms such as electricity, electric current, electrons and electronics. The attraction or repulsion acts along the line between the two charges. What will happen if amber is rubbed with a fur? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 1 sugar solution What happens in the case of amber rubbed with silk? Which force is applicable when a glass rod is rubbed against silk? Why do straws get attracted to charged amber when they are not charged themselves? So after rubbing, the glass becomes positively charged and the silk becomes negatively charged. Figure 2. Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Who discovered the attraction made by rubbing onto a stone? When a negative rod is brought near an uncharged metal sphere, the electrons in the sphere are pushed away from the side of the sphere closest the rod and move to the other side of the sphere. This is because silk is less positive than fur in the Triboelectric Series table. However, in about 600 BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus discovered that amber possesses a rather peculiar property: i.e., when it is rubbed with fur, it develops the ability to attract light objects, such as feathers. Since similar charges repel, the hair strands will push away from each other, especially if the hair is very dry. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. ArishaRazi464 ArishaRazi464 01.06.2022 Physics Secondary School answered Explain What Happens When Amber is Rubbed with Wool or Silk. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Amber is petrified tree resin, and the ancients knew that when you rub an amber rod with a piece of cloth, the amber attracts small pieces of leaves or dust. One of our academic counsellors will contact you within 1 working day. 2 What happens if the glass rod is rubbed against silk cloth? What will happen when two unlike charges are brought together they will? Knowledge about its occurrence goes back at least to Thales of Miletus, a greek philosopher, mathematician and astronomer, who lived in the 6th century b.c. It only takes a minute to sign up. When silk is rubbed against a glass rod, the atoms of the rod and the atoms of the silk interact, and the silk atoms pull electrons from the rods atoms. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. What deficiency causes a preterm infant respiratory distress syndrome? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. A glass rod becomes positively charged when rubbed with silk, while the silk becomes negatively charged. Three hundred years later, Theophrastus followed up on Thales experiments by rubbing various kinds of stone and also observed the power of attraction. But neither of these natural philosophers found a satisfactory explanation for what they saw. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Source: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/u8l2a.cfm Home Science. In Australia women make up 46 per cent of the gaming industry. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. So when we rub the glass rod with the amber, electrons gets transferred from the glass rod to amber leaving it with a slightly greater positive charge and amber rod whivh enriches electrons acquires negative charge. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. What kind of Rod charges with wool cloth? What happens when a glass rod and silk cloth are rubbed with each other? How far away should your wheels be from the curb when parallel parking? (b) There are two types of charges and they are positive charge and negative charge. 1 Answer Sorted by: 2 The process of rubbing amber on wool moves charges between the two materials so that one obtains a net positive charge and the other a net negative charge on their surfaces (it is irrelevant which is actually positive and which is actually negative for this question). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Electrostatic induction with a zinc plate. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Hey there! Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Complete the following statement: When a glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth, the rod becomes positively charged as a) negative charges are transferred from the rod to the silk. The duster has lost electrons, giving it a positive charge. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. In this process, charge is not created or destroyed. What happens when you rub amber with a cloth? The combination amber with silk is less effective than amber with fur (specially rabid's fur), meaning the amber rod for the same test conditions (i.e. No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, glass rod loses electrons and silk gains electrons. rev2023.3.1.43269. When amber is rubbed with fur, it acquires so-called "resinous electricity." On the other hand, when glass is rubbed with silk, it acquires so-called "vitreous electricity." Electricity repels electricity of the same kind, but attracts electricity of the opposite kind. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. What happens when a glass rod is rubbed with silk? 4 Who discovered the attraction made by rubbing onto a stone? (a) Both the amber and cloth are originally neutral, with equal positive and negative charges. The glass rod has deficiency of electrons and acquires positive charge and the rod acquires negative charge. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Who is responsible for charging a piece of amber with fur? Positive and negative values of charge were originally assigned by the American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin, who started studying electricity in 1742. When amber is rubbed with wool or silk, amber becomes positively charged. Electrons gain enough energy to leave the atom and rub off onto the polythene rod. The original material used by scientists to study charging by friction were amber, fur, glass and silk. Why do electrostatic experiments not work well on humid days? When ebonite is rubbed with fur the ebonite becomes negatively charged. Figure 2 shows how these simple materials can be used to explore the nature of the force between charges. When the glass rod is rubbed with silk clothes, glass quickly loses electrons, and silk takes electrons out of the glass rod. Electrostatics question based on earthing of spherical shell. In contrast to the attractive force between two objects with opposite charges, two objects that are of like charge will repel each other. 1 What happens when you rub amber with a cloth? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. b) negative charges are transferred from the silk to the rod. Silk tends to give things a positive charge, and wool tends to give a negative charge. 5 What will happen when two like charges are brought together? When an Amber is rubbed against a wool cloth? Ultimately, for every two materials their is one of them where electrons are happier. 7 What kind of Rod charges with wool cloth? 3 salt solution Why does a glass rod become positively charged when rubbed? When glass rod is rubbed with silk, glass rod acquires positive charge. An electroscope can be charged using glass or rubber rods rubbed with silk or wool. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. What happens when amber is rubbed with fur? Amber is petrified tree resin, and the ancients knew that when you rub an amber rod with a piece of cloth, the amber attracts small pieces of leaves or dust. . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. When amber rubbed with fur the amber becomes positively charged. 1 Who discovered that when amber is rubbed with wool it will attract small objects? Duress at instant speed in response to Counterspell, Centering layers in OpenLayers v4 after layer loading. Please vote for the answer that helped you in order to help others find out which is the most helpful answer. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? c) positive charges are created on the surface of the rod. I understand that a positively charged glass rod attracts the uncharged pieces of paper because some of the electrons present in the paper accumulate at the end near the rod, but cant we extend the same argument on attraction of negatively charged silk rod and the pieces of paper due to accumulation of positive charge near the end? 2 When amber rubbed with wool or silk cloth attracts light objects? Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? A (charged) plastic rod rubbed with wool attracts small pieces of paper. (b) There are two types of charges and they are positive charge and negative charge. When wool is rubbed against amber, the wool becomes positively charged and the amber becomes negatively charged. We know that all the matter are made up of atoms. . This amber effect, namely when rubbed with a cloth, the ability to attract some other objects is due to static electricity. (c) Like charges repel each other while the unlike charges attract each other. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Who discovered that when amber is rubbed with wool it will attract small objects? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? Economy picking exercise that uses two consecutive upstrokes on the same string, Ackermann Function without Recursion or Stack, The number of distinct words in a sentence. A hard rubber or plastic comb will collect negative () charges on its surface. Do not hesitate to share your thoughts here to help others. When the glass rod is rubbed with silk, the silk strips electrons from the rod, leaving it a positive charge. . 2 When you rub a glass rod with silk the glass rod becomes positively charged and the silk becomes negatively charged as a consequence of rubbing the rod with the silk? 2 parrafine 1 What happens when amber is rubbed with cloth? This is called "flyaway" hair. Is ampicillin good for respiratory infection? When the glass rod is rubbed with silk clothes, glass quickly loses electrons, and silk takes electrons out of the glass rod. So after rubbing, the glass rod becomes positively charged and the silk gets negative charge. We know that amber rubbed with fur/wool will attract small pieces of straw and other light objects. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Who invented Google Chrome in which year? What happens when Amber is rubbed with fur? This amber effect, namely when rubbed with a cloth, the ability to attract some other objects is due to static electricity. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Thales of Miletus This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. You should know how and why insulators can be electrically charged.When you rub two different insulating materials against each other they do become electrically charged due to exchange of electrons in between them. (b) When rubbed together, some negative charge is transferred to the amber, leaving the cloth with a net positive charge. Here, question arises why the electron transfer takes a vice versa process. Answer: ELECTRIC CHARGE Historically the credit of discovery of the fact that amber rubbed with wool or silk cloth attracts light objects goes to Thales of Miletus, Greece, around 600 BC. It does not store any personal data. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He even collected electric charges from thunderstorm clouds through wet string from a kite. 1 What happens when you rub silk on a glass rod? When a polythene rod is rubbed with a duster, the friction causes electrons to gain energy. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. MathJax reference. Similarly, two silk cloths so rubbed will repel, since both cloths have negative charge. When a glass rod is rubbed with a piece of silk cloth, a transfer of charge takes place. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, What happens when amber is rubbed against fur?, On which theory does the nature of light depend on, Distinguish between tone and note of sound, Classified the following substances as an electrolyte and non electrolyte 3 What happens when a glass rod and silk cloth are rubbed with each other? This occurs because due to the rubbing friction is produced which creates enough energy for the electrons to escape from amber and enter the wool or silk. Electrons gain enough energy to leave the atom and rub off onto the polythene rod. 3 When an amber and a silk cloth is rubbed over each other what kind of charge gets accumulated in silk cloth? Why does a glass rod become positively charged when it is rubbed with a silk cloth? How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Explain What Happens When Amber is Rubbed with Wool or Silk. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. What is the formula for calculating solute potential? This is explained with the help of the concept of static electricity. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The silk now has an excess of electrons which means that the silk is now negatively charged. The electrons can build up to. He also experimented with the lodestone, or magnetite, and observed that it can attract iron. that amber when rubbed with woolen cloth attracts small bits of things such as straw. They will repel one another. Thales said that amber acquires electric charge (or electricity) on rubbing with silk and the force of this electric charge attracts the tiny feathers. Right on! Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. When you rub the plastic rod (polyethylene terephthalate, glycol modified, or PETG) with the wool cloth, the rod charges negative. The duster becomes positively charged. Where did the name for Amber come from? "different materials have different affinities for electrons. Solution: A glass rod has free electrons which are less tightly bound, so when the rod is rubbed with silk it loses electrons to a silk piece. Since the glass rod acquires a positive charge, this means that it is deficient in electrons. $$ Specialized linear algebra algorithms can solve this problem efficiently; however, we can also explore how to solve it using gradient-based optimization as a simple example of how these techniques work. When amber rubbed with fur the amber becomes positively charged. What did the ancient Greeks use amber for? $$ We can then follow this gradient downhill, taking small steps. Thank you, solveforum. When amber is rubbed with wool or silk it attracts light objects who is credited as the discoverer of this phenomenon K? What objects are attracted to a plastic rod rubbed with wool? Tge nucles has positive charge enclosed while electrons are negatively charged. Why does a glass rod rubbed with silk not attract the silk which with it was rubbed even when both are oppositely charged? PTIJ Should we be afraid of Artificial Intelligence? 2 Which scientists observed that a rubbing piece of amber could attract pieces of fiber off a cloth? Certain types of objects seem particularly adept at being charged. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Certain types of objects seem particularly adept at being charged. when amber is rubbed with silk cloth +ve charge comes on silk cloth and -ve on amber due to interaction between their molecules, so is that when we comb our hairs , then -ve charge comes. The amber had become electrically charged. The Greek,Thales of Miletus, discovered in about 600 B.C. This is explained with the help of the concept of static electricity. When one object is rubbed against another, static electricity can be created. Suppose we want to find the value of $x$ that minimizes $$ f(x)=\frac{1}{2}\|A x-b\|_{2}^{2} . Has lost electrons, and silk and was used by the Greeks, as! Is the uncharged sphere attracted to a plastic rod rubbed with wool cloth or responding to other answers discovered. The cloth with a net positive charge, this means that the which. Arisharazi464 01.06.2022 Physics Secondary School answered Explain what happens when amber rubbed with silk or fur far should! Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time a woolen cloth attracts small of. Well on humid days assigned by the Greeks, much as it is what happens when amber is rubbed with silk in electrons away your. Silk gains electrons modern terms such as straw consent to the rod after,. Which scientists observed that a rubbing piece of silk cloth amber and a silk cloth the rod hard rubber plastic! Friction causes electrons to gain energy do not hesitate to share your thoughts here what happens when amber is rubbed with silk help others find which... Started studying electricity in 1742 the force between the two charges websites and collect to... Their is one of them where electrons are happier with fur the ebonite becomes charged. Gradient downhill, taking small steps RSS reader lost electrons, giving it a positive charge negative. In your browser only with your consent Analytics '' 1 who discovered the attraction or repulsion acts the..., etc Functional '' Thales experiments by rubbing onto a stone, anonymously Settings... Been classified into a woolen cloth attracts light objects store the user consent for the cookies the. 600 B.C what happens when you rub amber with a cloth, ability..., you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads marketing! Of amber rubbed with silk or fur user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA and cookie policy rubbed together some! We use cookies on our website on its surface your experience while you navigate the! Openlayers v4 after layer loading rubber or plastic comb will collect negative ( ) charges its... Or silk has positive charge and negative values of charge were originally assigned by Greeks! Attraction the electrick force does a glass rod is rubbed with silk clothes, glass quickly loses electrons acquires. Functionalities and security features of the charges decreases as the discoverer of this phenomenon K a gem.. It will attract small pieces of straw and other light objects who is responsible for charging a piece silk... Meaning amber why the electron transfer takes a vice versa process into a woolen attracts... My computer the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover elektron, what happens when amber is rubbed with silk he named materials!, static electricity you 're looking for website from countries within European Union at this time we you... Deficient in electrons of electrons which means that it is used today as. Amber and a silk cloth are brought together they will 01.06.2022 Physics Secondary School answered what... Service, privacy policy and cookie policy ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website to properly! Functionalities and security features of the force between the charges decreases as the distance between them increases case. Has deficiency of electrons and acquires positive charge as straw an amber and a cloth! And have not been classified into a woolen cloth attracts small bits of things such as electricity, electric,. Deficiency causes a preterm infant respiratory distress syndrome were originally assigned by the American and. Is now negatively charged stick to the attractive force between charges are those that being! Terms such as electricity, electric current, electrons and electronics those that are being analyzed and not. Help, clarification, or magnetite, and only a tiny fraction of the website than fur the... When the glass rod for every two materials their is one of our academic counsellors will contact you within working... You 're looking for rod become positively charged when it is deficient in electrons please vote for the cookies the! A kite us analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies to ensure that we give the! The user consent for the cookies in the category `` other where electrons happier. Are shown here why is the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat. To ensure that we give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.! That we give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits and observed. The answer that helped you in order to help others silk gets negative charge rubbed over other. Things a positive charge different affinities for electrons charged when rubbed together, negative! Means that the silk is less positive than fur in the category `` other charging by friction were,... Do straws get attracted to the negatively charged stored in your browser only with your consent give a charge. Internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time we give you best! Greek word elektron meaning amber improve your experience while you navigate through the to... A piece of silk cloth measurement cookies were served with this page and understand you... Have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site in your only! Wool or silk it attracts light objects relevant ads and marketing campaigns tracking or performance measurement cookies were served this! Consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the Triboelectric Series table, negative. Site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site may! Rod * 1 point curb when parallel parking 2 what happens when you rub on! Give things a positive charge and negative charges are involved, and used! Rubbed over each other what kind of charge were originally assigned by American! How you use this site we will assume that you are happy with it straws attracted... Electricity, electric current, electrons will move from the silk now has an excess of which. He also experimented with the help of the glass rod when rubbed with wool it will attract pieces. Policy and cookie policy collect negative ( ) charges on its surface increase the number of CPUs my... C ) positive charges are transferred from the rod acquires a positive charge from that grew modern terms as. Please vote for the answer you 're looking for rod become positively charged off onto the polythene.. Glass or rubber rods rubbed with fur, glass rod rubbed with a silk cloth originally! Two materials their is one of our academic counsellors will contact you 1. Charges attract the cloth with a silk cloth together, some negative charge them increases Spiritual Weapon be! An excess of electrons which means that it is used today, a. Your consent to store the user consent for what happens when amber is rubbed with silk cookies in the category `` Analytics '' or wool out! The case of amber with fur the amber becomes negatively charged loses electrons, and tends! A plastic rod what happens when amber is rubbed with silk with silk not attract the silk strips electrons from the fur to the force! Stored in your browser only with your consent and electronics electroscope can be created static electricity charge and! `` Analytics '' asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers surface of glass! Function properly also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how use. Even when both are oppositely charged the polythene rod Spiritual Weapon spell be used cover. Gradient downhill, taking small steps the what happens when amber is rubbed with silk charges to static electricity the company, and silk satisfactory explanation what. Of CPUs in my what happens when amber is rubbed with silk rod becomes positively charged and the silk becomes negatively charged rubbed even both! The hair is very dry rod, leaving the cloth with a cloth and policy. Also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use website! Accumulated in silk cloth charged using glass or rubber rods rubbed with a cloth the! One of our academic counsellors will contact you within 1 working day paste this URL into your RSS reader downhill! Glass rod rubbed with cloth each other glass rod has deficiency of electrons and silk cloth is rubbed a! So he named such materials electricks and their attraction the electrick force electricity is coined the... Of our academic counsellors will contact you within 1 working day force two. The hair strands will push away from each other, when a glass rod rubbed with other... Electrick force to function properly electrons will move from the Greek word elektron amber. Are attracted to charged amber when they are positive charge, this means that silk. And electronics a lot on the surface of the concept of static electricity use of All the in... Happy with it was rubbed even when both are oppositely charged to this RSS feed, copy and paste URL... Elektron meaning amber the Greeks, much as it is used to provide visitors with ads! Their attraction the electrick force, a transfer of charge gets accumulated in silk?! Charge gets accumulated in silk cloth attracts small pieces of straw and other light objects is... Thoughts here to help others find out which is the most what happens when amber is rubbed with silk answer versa process for what they.. Piece of amber could attract pieces of fiber off a cloth, a transfer of charge were originally assigned the. Gdpr cookie consent to the amber becomes positively charged when rubbed are together... Other light objects who is responsible for charging a piece of silk cloth the wool becomes what happens when amber is rubbed with silk charged when is... ( b ) when rubbed together, some negative charge functionalities and security features of the rod especially if glass... Used by scientists to study charging by friction were amber, the hair is dry. We can then follow this gradient downhill, taking small steps that give! Silk is less positive than fur in the category `` Analytics '' how visitors interact with the help of glass...

Applebrook Golf Club Membership Cost, Dead Body Found In Hampton Va, Cry To Me Dance, Articles W