gentrification in west philadelphia

This initiative froze tax increases for residents who had occupied their homes for more than ten years and faced higher assessments as a result of skyrocketing property values. In the 2000s, the effects of gentrification began to spill over into other neighborhoods adjacent to Center City. Nearly one-third Latino in 1960, the neighborhood was only 14 percent Latino by 1990. For example, when the university partnered with the school district to fund Penn Alexander Elementary in 2001, 57% of the students in its catchment area were African American; as of 2021, Black students represented less than 17% of the student body. Connecting the Past with the Present, Building Community, Creating a Legacy, TheEncyclopedia Ella suggests that gentrifiers in West Philly, including Penn students, have a huge responsibility to really engage with their neighbors, old and new, and to work to make sure the neighborhood isnt pushing more people out.. Days after the protest at Penn, a large group of residents, organizers, and protesters caught the Building Industry Association of Philadelphia (BIA) by surprise. Johnson attended the meeting along with his collaborator Wiley Cunningham, folks from Police Free Penn, a police abolitionist student organization from the University of Pennsylvania, and members of Penn Housing 4 All. Real estate prices soon reflected this surge in demand. In 2020, Philadelphia Housing Action was part of the core of another dynamic housing struggle in the city. Universities and hospitals, which could not move their operations out of the city, fueled this growth. But neither was it entirely unwelcome. Even during that mid-century nadir, however, there were stirrings of renewal. A few generations ago, though, this was not the case.. With their artistic connotations, these post-industrial spaces attracted white-collar workers looking for a taste of bohemian lifestyle. As more creative class consumers moved to the neighborhood, they were followed by cafes and bars that catered to their bohemian tastes. Thats typical for a gentrifying city. Long-time residents resented the intrusion on their tight-knit ethnic communities. East Mount Airy is in Philadelphia County. With the rapid loss of human and monetary resources in the central city and the expansion of wealthier, primarily white suburbs, the stage had been set for gentrification in Greater Philadelphia. Gentrification doesn't erase drug crime and gun violence. Who has it, who doesnt, and where its spent. For the most part, Penn is now a good steward of the neighborhoods it inhabits, he explains. By the 20th century, Penn had established itself as the most wellendowed entity in West Philadelphia and maintained an uneasy symbiosis with the community. When students go out and work in West Philly, he sees it as lacking a longlasting partnership., In his estimation, ABCS courses send some untrained, rich, and wealthy students who are not from here out into West Philadelphia, who act like they really understand the neighborhood and know what theyre doing. After serving in the United States Navy during WWII, Bacon joined the Philadelphia City Planning Commission and became the executive director of the committee in 1949. Penn, USciences, the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, and Drexel formed the West Philadelphia Corporation (WPC) in 1959 and began to condemn buildings across Black Bottom. May 10, 2017. By 2000, over 44 percent of Manayunks residents worked in managerial or professional positions, up from just 12 percent in 1970. In a few short years, Southwark saw a dramatic decline in its working-class population along with the conversion of its mixed-use streetscapes into expensive residential-only corridors. Residential gentrification soon followed the growth in commercial activity. WVU economist Zachary Porreca compared data on property values and shootings in Philadelphia and found that when one block gentrifies, drug crime migrates to neighboring blocks, escalating in the. Cedar Park is one of the hottest areas in the city, and housing values are spiking dramatically. In doing so, it prompted the mass displacement of the neighborhoods poorer residents. We had a lot of senior citizens and a lot of people with disabilities who just dont have anybody to advocate for them, said Alexander. From blocked off construction sites to high-rises and medical centers towering over generations-old brownstones, gentrification can be seen everywhere. In 1970, the neighborhood was nearly 50 percent Black. Philadelphia Housing Action, for its part, has worked to decommodify housing by experimenting with collective ownership, Johnson said in an interview on the Millennials Are Killing Capitalism podcast, attempting to remove properties from the unrelenting throes of the housing market. Theres a magic in that. This "process" is very dangerous as it has a notorious reputation of displacing old residents and creating terrible living situations for those it has not displaced. During the 1980s, new federal tax credits helped fund the redevelopment of other overlooked neighborhoods. As more artists and young professional moved into the neighborhood, the Manayunk Development Corporation created a mixture of public programming to cater to the new audience. She is the Highbrow Editor for 34th Street. Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. The movement that disrupted this event has become one of the most dynamic forces in Philadelphia in recent months. Rising housing costs in gentrifying neighborhoods exact real costs in the lives of Philadelphia families. Even as the city government struggled to balance the costs and benefits of neighborhood revival, many areas remained untouched by the effects of gentrification. In the late 1970s, dozens of chic businesses catering to the upper middle class opened. Manayunk (/ m n j k / MAN--yunk) is a neighborhood in the section of Lower Northwest Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania.Located adjacent to the neighborhoods of Roxborough and Wissahickon and also on the banks of the Schuylkill River, Manayunk contains the first canal begun in the United States (although not the first completed, due to budget problems). He also confirmed Penns involvement in a new mixeduse development in the 4600 block of Pine Street. The Philadelphia Housing Authoritys waiting list peaked in 2014 at around 78,000. As in Society Hill and Queen Village, the gentrification of Graduate Hospital triggered striking demographic changes. Its market value is listed as more than $9.5 million, according to the city's website. He mentions the Pennovation Center, housed in an old DuPontowned paint factory. Philadelphia, in Pews 2017 State of the City study, lacks affordable or subsidized housing options. Notice that many of the suburban and industrial areas were ineligible to gentrify because they had too few people or were too wealthy. The city had the power to seize land under eminent domainwhich allowed them to dice the community with the aim of making West Philly a satisfactory residential community and helping it to fulfill its potential as a center of private research.. South Street, its once-bustling commercial thoroughfare, lost customers to suburban shopping malls. Census data, when adjusted for inflation, indicates a massive jump in Philadelphia property valuesan average increase 213% since 2000. Phyllis Jones Carter owns a business in West Philadelphia and is a longtime . A 2014 study by the Philadelphia Federal Reserve neighborhood change also cites an approximately 20% drop in affordable housing in Philadelphia from 20002014. Get 34th Street's newsletter, The Toast, delivered to your inbox every Sunday morning. Heller, Gregory L.Ed Bacon: Planning, Politics, and the Building of Modern Philadelphia. West Philly neighborhood, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), 19139, 19143 detailed profile The plot of land used to house the Transition to Independent Living Center, which formerly provided affordable assisted living for aging adults with belowaverage incomes, before it burned down six years ago and has since laid vacant. Philip Gentry, a Lea School parent and member of the West Philly Coalition for Neighborhood Schools, said that he has seen some signs of potential gentrification occurring as a result of the funding granted to the Lea School. While Temples administration tried to encourage better relations between students and residents, it did little to discourage the spread of private development around its campus. Speculative developers rushed to build housing for Temples expanding off-campus student population in a poverty-stricken African American district west of Broad Street. And resentment towards Penn simmers in the West Philly community. Further from the booming downtown, neighborhoods continued to suffer from abandonment and decay. Pei designed the towers to incorporate floor-to-ceiling windows along the exterior wall of each apartment, giving occupants expansive views of Philadelphia or the Delaware River. This process accelerated after its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. By the 2010s, Greater Philadelphia was grappling with issues familiar to all urban areas in the midst of gentrification. Ella is critical of her former school, and how she thinks it serves the University and its facultys families more than unaffiliated West Philly residents. Penn Alexander receives operating contribution of $1330 per student from the university, in addition to staffing and teaching assistance from Penns Graduate School of Education. Residents of neighborhoods undergoing the most rapid changes watched as their longstanding social networks evaporated. The overlay district sits in a West Philadelphia neighborhood that has been subject to gentrification. On Sept. 29, just minutes into freshman convocation, Liz Magills first major speech as University of Pennsylvania president was disrupted by about 100 protesters. It garnered media attention, brought the community into the fight, and helped residents build greater connection with activists, students, and organized labor in the city. UCity is just a marketing scheme.. The gentrification of Queen Village and Society Hill were exceptions in a region that continued to suffer the effects of deindustrialization and decline. From the Feds press release: the losses were especially acute in University City. Ira, explains it as, West Philadelphia experiences [loss of affordable housing] to a much greater extent because home values appreciate so much faster than income.. National faith leader Bishop William J. Barber II led an interfaith rally at the Townhomes days later, offering to move into the Townhomes to put more pressure on the owner and the city if necessary. By spurring renovation and elevating housing values, gentrification broadened the citys tax base. Census data, when adjusted for inflation, indicates a massive jump in Philadelphia property valuesan average increase 213% since 2000. To him, its untouched by the tentacles of development, a community similar to West Philly 20 years ago. Penns status as the largest employer in Philadelphia, its large endowment and the socioeconomic position of its students and staff complicates its existence in West Philadelphia. As market-rate development proliferated, nearly 110,000 households remained on a waiting list for subsidized or low-cost housing. In rapidly changing neighborhoods like Old City, minority residents often suffered the brunt of such measures. Does it push long-time residents out in favor of the highest bidder? Developed alongside people on the frontlines of injustice, Prism will help deepen your understanding on the most pressing issues of our time. Residents resisted these displacement efforts as well, although ultimately the universitiesPenn, Drexel, and University of the Sciences, which is now part of Saint Josephs Universitywon out with the federal governments backing, and thousands of Black residents were dispersed to other parts of the city. This was a rare type of coalition: cross-class and multiracial, gentrifiers allied with the existing population to reject the destruction of modernist city planning. Much of Spring Gardens Puerto Rican community decamped for neighborhoods farther north and east of Center City after their demands for affordable housing went unmet. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel started on a pattern of. Colonial row houses, they believed, were a stark contrast to the stultifying sameness of the suburbs. The Netter Center offers ABCS (Academically Based Community Service) courses in which students can interact with the surrounding community. By the late 1980s, Manayunks Main Street boasted dozens of new shops, bars, and restaurants, many housed in refurbished historic buildings. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. The owner intends to sell the property. Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Housing and Community Affairs Collections, Urban Archives, Philadelphia City Planning Commission and Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority papers, Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram, Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Philadelphia, the Place that Loves You Back, Without Pa. help, Philly gentrification relief could have unintended results (WHYY, April 15, 2013), Gentrification property tax relief- for whom? Meanwhile, the percentage of college-educated adults in the neighborhood shot up from under four percent in 1950 to 64 percent by 1980. As part of the renewal project for Society Hill that began in 1957, three 30-story residential buildings, the Society Hill Towers, were the tallest of the construction projects and provided 720 apartments designed to attract middle-class residents. Freddie Gray, 25, was arrested for possessing a switch blade knife April 12 outside the Gilmor Houses housing project on Baltimore's west side. Dennis witnessed one of the earliest unveilings of Penns Landscape Development Plan of 1977. But for many students residing in the Penn Bubble, community issues take a backseat. At the same time, other historical features were sacrificed in the name of development. Datz mentioned the newlyopened Pennovation Center, which opened last year across the river in Grays Ferry. After rallying at City Hall, protesters stormed the BIA networking event at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, confronting developers and public officials. By 2010, only about 5 percent of Queen Village residents were African American. Initially, newcomers and old-time residents found common cause, coming together to fight the long-planned Cross Town Expressway that would have leveled South Street in an effort to attract suburban commuters back to the city. The building was used sparingly in the 1990s as new owners attempted to find a market, but the building remained largely unoccupied and the whole complex was demolished in 2002. Earning a national reputation during the mid-century era of urban renewal, he was featured in Time and Life magazines and was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the White House's Conference on Recreation and Natural Beauty. A hallmark of gentrification in Philadelphia are modest, older homes in the shadow of often modern condo complexes. Rents rise, and residents like Clare Finn, who grew up in West Philly and lives there now as an adult, are priced out of their own neighborhoods.. Longtime residents complained about loud parties and unkempt rental properties. And while that goal might have seemed outlandish to many in the winter of 2021, it seems quite possible now. Many residents wonder if this is an example of gentrification, with a shiny development pushing out a community institution, or if the center fulfills an actual community need not currently met. Simon, Roger D. and Brian Alnutt, Philadelphia, 1982-2007: Toward the Postindustrial City. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 131 (Oct. 2007), 395-444. By May 20, 2016. And gentrification is only now beginning to take root north of Girard Avenue, in some of the most heavily disinvested and pockmarked North Philadelphia neighborhoods (Sharswood, Brewerytown, Strawberry Mansion, Fairhill.). As the city transitioned towards a post-industrial economy in the ensuing decades, neighborhood revival became a key focus for municipal government. In a few short years, the once-conservative immigrant neighborhood had become a hotbed of hip nightlife. "The West Philadelphia Problem" asks listeners to problematize concepts like "safety" and "crime," and to interrogate the role academia has had in legitimizing these terms. Philadelphia, like other Rust Belt cities, slowly started its transition from an industrial city to a postindustrial city. He recalls that, before much of the neighborhood was displaced, there were around 5,000 residents who cared about each other. Many of the Bottoms residents have gathered for a reunion in Fairmount Park every year since the mid1970s. He was awarded a scholarship and continued his study at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, later finding work in Flint, Michigan, before returning to Philadelphia and becoming director of the housing association. At 78.5 percent African American in 1990, the neighborhood was less than one-third Black by 2014. For the first of three mapping layers, the city's Bureau of Planning and Sustainability (BPS) used . Pei-designed modernist residential towers. Hundreds of crumbling row houses were renovatedfirst by urban homesteaders, then by enterprising developers. Philadelphia Neighborhood Map: Center City East: sketchy greyhound station , Washington Square West: Panhandlers and art students, Rittenhouse: Philly's Manhattan, Chinatown: all that and dim sum, Logan Square: Not a square at all, but a circle, Callowhill: Club Kids Vomiting, Hawthorne: Public housing and rich people, Spring Garden: My windows won't open but still nice, Old City: Where . The most comprehensive, authoritative reference source ever created for the Philadelphia region. The protesters, including students, chanted "Save UC Townhomes" and "stop Penn-trification." The poverty rate in Philadelphia as of 2019 was 23.3%, 13 percentage points above the U.S. national rate of 10.5%. The blocks surrounding Dock Street continued to be popular in the nineteenth century, as hundreds of merchants established distribution warehouses and sidewalk storefronts to sell a variety of food to other Philadelphia businesses and individuals. States must preserve public housing on the urban core, invest deeply in . Gentrifying tracts experienced the second highest average violent crime rate between 2014 and 2019 at 13.4 per 100 residents, while non-gentrifiable tractsmostly middle- to upper-income and predominantly whitehad the lowest average violent crime rate over the six-year period at 6.7 per 100 residents. West Philly gentrification means upheaval for these longtime residents. Fighting Gentrification in West Philadelphia. Sterling Johnson, an organizer with Philadelphia Housing Action, recalls a small meeting last fall with Gerald Sid Bolling from the Black Bottom Tribe that included some residents. Get your copy The 5500 block of Bloyd Street in Germantown, where some homes have been renovated into affordable housing for neighborhood residents. Its one of the few places where folks who are on public housing vouchers can still access things like public transportation, a public library, medical care, markets, local stores, and other essential amenities with relative ease, said Davids. Penn professors benefit from Penns Home Ownership Services, which helps Penn faculty and staff apply for closing cost assistance for home purchasing and funds towards home improvement. This incentivizes university affiliates to buy property in the area, and to send their kids to school in the district. Three weeks after the encampment was dismantled came the disruption of Penns freshman convocation, bringing even more Penn students into the movement. The encampment also received support from organizations like Labor for Black Lives, which pulled together several local union chapters to demand Mayor Jim Kenney and city leaders preserve the Townhomes. To achieve the transformation of the area, the City Planning Commission called for the elimination of blighted late nineteenth-century buildings and retail establishments. To assist working-class residents near Southwark who could not afford the increased costs of living in the newly gentrified neighborhood, the Philadelphia Housing Authority in the late 1960s built three apartment buildings, named the Southwark Plaza, along Washington Avenue between Third and Fifth Streets. This resurgence was fueled by a demographic upheaval which found baby boomers, new immigrants, and young college graduates choosing cities over suburbs. Urban Renewal & Gentrification Marker. In the Old City area just north of Society Hill, those tax incentives encouraged developers to convert abandoned workshops into stylish loft apartments. When he returned to the house where his mother and stepfather lived on 3643 Market Street, the neighborhood had changed. Manayunk, a working-class mill district along the Schuylkill River to the northwest of Center City, was one such area. Old Philadelphia funded a national advertising campaign that recast the neighborhood as a desirable historic enclavethe better to attract aesthetically-minded middle-class homebuyers. The Dock Street Market, the citys principal food market since the late eighteenth century, was razed to make way for three I.M. From 1982 to 1984, Philadelphia led the nation in the number of claims for such tax credits. Context: IBID Associates, the owner of the 70-unit complex at 3990 Market St., didn't renew its affordable housing contract with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, which expires July 2022. Pictured here years before his appointment as Executive Director of the Philadelphia Housing Association, Edmund Bacon is sometimes referred to as The Father of Modern Philadelphia. Born in the Philadelphia suburbs in 1910, he studied architecture at Cornell University and introduced a plan for a new civic center for Philadelphia as part of his senior thesis. The building of bridges across the Schuylkill River further promoted development, including that of hospitals and other benevolent institutions. The struggle to preserve the UC Townhomes had humble beginnings. The Plans effects were keenly felt in the Black Bottom, a primarily black and disadvantaged neighborhood that earned its name from its place at the bottom of West Philadelphia (from 32nd Street to 40th Street between Lancaster Ave and University Ave). On South Street, the Theatre of the Living Arts put on avant-garde works under artistic director Andre Gregory. After the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation purchased the property around Dock Street in 1959, many of the remaining merchants moved to the Food Distribution Center in South Philadelphia. There is a stereotype that gentrification refers to low-income African Americans being pushed out by rich whites, but this is not the case in many of the areas in Philly where gentrification is occurring. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Alexander also describes the struggle, and the encampment specifically, as having generated more unity, even providing space for the children in the Townhomes to have a movie night outside, paint, dance, learn to skateboard, and become more directly involved in defending the Townhomes. Armed with generous mortgages, these gentrifiers were careful to heed OPDCs stringent guidelines for historical verisimilitude. Galleries and restaurants followed the arriving middle class. In buying up properties in the Black Bottom en masse and then having landlords evict longtime residents, they made space for the nowprimarily commercial development on Market Street. There has been a huge uptick in gentrification since 2000. Restoring the citys historic housing stock, Bacon reasoned, would encourage upper-income residents to move back to the citythereby stabilizing its dwindling tax base and upgrading real estate values. Residents say Magill has ducked meeting requests for months. According to his attorney, Gray died a week later in the hospital from a severe spinal cord injury he received while in police custody. Sign up for our newsletter to get updates that make you think and actdirectly to your inbox. Penn has just recently begun to acknowledge the history of urban upheaval its caused. National food writers raved about South Streets burgeoning selection of gourmet restaurants, where diners could enjoy soft-shell crab tempura or salmon with sorrel beurre blanc. Phil Tedros (C 20) lived in the Southwest Philly neighborhood of Eastwick prior to coming to Penn. Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram From 1960 to 1970, the neighborhoods percentage of nonwhite residents fell from 20 percent to 7 percent. Many native West Philadelphians declare, often on bumper stickers: This is West Philly. For years, the extant Black, Polish, and Jewish communities had mobilized to thwart the plan. In the 2010s, Philadelphia began experimenting with measures designed to stem gentrifications worst effects. On Sept. 29, just minutes into freshman convocation, Liz Magill's first . While there are many other residents and organizers involved in the coalition at this pointincluding over 50 organizations listed as allies on their websiteAlexander and Johnson represent a core aspect of the struggle: a tight relationship between militant housing activists and fiercely committed residents fighting for their community and for the ability to defend their homes from the profiteering motive of the property owner. The rapid influx of wealthier homebuyers triggered alarming demographic changes. Gentrification Takes Off: 1990s and 2000s. After decades of slow economic decline from the loss of industrial mills and manufacturing plants, Philadelphia officials offered tax incentives to small businesses and property owners in Manayunk during the 1980s to spur redevelopment and bring more middle-class residents into the area. By mid-century, it had fallen into disrepair and infamyacquiring a sinister nickname, the Bloody Fifth Ward. Nevertheless, Bacon hoped that middle-class buyers would be tempted there by the promise of newly refurbished colonial-era row homes. An average row house costing $7,400 in the 1960s sold for over twenty times that amount in 1990. I think that Penn students are complicit in Penntrification, though I think that the more significant blame lies with the institution, Casey adds. After spending six years studying the gentrification of Philadelphia neighborhoods, a West Philadelphian has discovered a rare trend: Neighborhoods are not necessarily gentrifying in the way people think they arethey're resegregating. As a result of these secular changes, more formerly depressed neighborhoods saw increased investment. Its legacy as an epicenter of immigrant and African American life lent the area a desirable gloss of authenticitya dash of real folk in the city. Gentrification is nothing new, Fed economist Jeffrey Lin suggests in his paper, " Understanding Gentrification's Causes. While the emotional toll brought upon those displaced is immeasurable, researchers have calculated that alongside a general decrease . The apartments were inexpensive for residents but they only provided basic housing and residents complained that the Housing Authority was not responsive to maintenance issues. Especially since, as Ella puts it, theres a kind of feedback loop of gentrifiers complain[ing] about gentrification without acknowledging that they're complicit., When asked what Penn owes to the communities it inhabits, Phil talks for a while before pausing to take a deep breath: It just owes them their space.. Adams, Carolyn et al. The month-long encampment in the Townhomes courtyard by residents and supporters was one of the watershed moments in the fight. More by Jared Ware. The Black Bottom is a historically Black community . Phyllis Dennis (C 76), then a PVDA employee, recalls the meeting, saying that Penns representatives brought in a massive map covered in blue and red pins, which represented planned university development both on and offcampus. What these struggles make plain is the violence that is fundamentally intertwined with private property rights and the shadowy public-private partnerships often involved. 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