the great book of melanin research pdf
306 ratings 30 reviews. Studies have shown that the media composition and cultivation conditions affect the pigment production in fungi and the manipulation of these parameters can result in an increase in pigment yield for large-scale pigment production. 5 Princes Gate Court, With the current knowledge about physical and chemical properties and the broad spectrum of biological activities, fungal melanins have attracted growing interest for their potential use in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, nanotechnology, and materials science. Watch on QUALIFIED IMMUNITY PACKAGES POLICE STOP/ LAW & GOV FLASHCARDS (PSFC) & (LGFC) The chemical energy liberated via the dissociation and subsequent charge separation of the water molecule by melanin, in fact, has been estimated to meet over 90 percent of cellular energy needs.17, Research on the melanin-rich intraocular organ pecten in birds explains many phenomena that have eluded scientific explanation, including avian metabolism, bioenergetics, and flight mechanics, and gives us clues about our own bodies ability to use melanin for the purposes of energy. UNITED KINGDOM, Sandra R. Pombeiro-Sponchiado, Gabriela S. Sousa, Jazmina C. R. Synthetic melanin thin films deposited by spray-coating presented features ascribed to an amorphous semiconducting material [134]. (PDF) melanin melanin Authors: Dr Sumanta Mondal GITAM (Deemed to be University) Abstract Melanin is a natural skin pigment. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. WebThe book features nearly all unknown secrets. There are 5 things that the Pineal gland is responsible for: Inner Eye 306 ratings 30 reviews. 28. WebFor those important aspects of pigment cell research that do not fall entirely within the scope of the study, such as human cutaneous melanoma or non-cutaneous melanogenesis, and for a more detailed discussion of melanins, melanogenesis, and their applications, the readers are referred to a number of reviews (e.g. I) by Carol Barnes Melanin: The Organizing Molecule Berkley CA: Institute for the Study of Consciousnesses (Thesis) Message To The Blackman in America by Elijah Muhammad Metu Neter Vol. IV, Computational Cell Biology: v. 20 (Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics), Methods and Tools for Collaborative Networked Organizations. During the optimization experiments to enhance the production of melanin by Auricularia auricula, it was observed that soluble starch, tyrosine, peptone, CaCO3, and K2HPO4 had positive effects, while glucose, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, CuSO4, and FeSO4 negatively impacted melanin production [46]. Researches support that the pH of the medium also affects the growth of fungi and type of pigment produced. Llaila O. Afrika. In Melanin, the Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and its physicochemical properties. Since melanin has a stable free radical population, it is thought that the radioprotective properties of this pigment result from a combination of physical shielding and quenching of cytotoxic free radicals generated by radiation [18]. Amazon.com: Melanin Research Foundation: Books 1 result RESULTS Melanin: Energy from Light and the Soul's Ascent by Melanin Research Foundation | May 3, 2015 20 Kindle $399$6.12 Available instantly Paperback $612 FREE delivery Sat, Dec 10 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Need help? Addeddate 2018-06-15 13:47:24 Identifier MelaninWhatMakesBlackPeopleBlackByLlailaAfrikaPDF Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6zw89t9z Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) Silver nanostructures synthesized with melanin derived from Y. lipolytica displayed excellent antifungal activity against an Aspergillus sp. Melanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers. Studies have shown that the effect of melanin enhancing the survival of fungi under adverse conditions can be mainly due to its powerful free radical scavenger properties, acting as a sponge for other free radicals generated by the fungus in response to environmental stress [20, 29, 30]. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! However, M. purpureus was not able to grow in media containing peptone, and a maximum yield of the pigment was achieved when the media were supplemented with yeast extract (1%) and monosodium glutamate (5%) as nitrogen source [41]. Uploaded by Uploaded by neuromelanin. Melanin is a substance in the skin that produces skin pigmentation. [13]. In the genus Aspergillus, DHN-melanin has not been identified in some members, as A. nidulans and A. niger. The melanin-mediated nanostructures with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against food pathogens may be considered suitable for many practical food packaging applications because they can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogens and increase the shelf life of packed food products [124]. According to Dr Timothy Moore In humans, melanin is the primary determinant of skin and hair colour Melanin in cell walls of Basidiomycotina is derived from phenolic precursors, as glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) or catechol. Wheat bran extract, L-tyrosine, and CuSO4 represent the best combination of medium components to obtain the maximum melanin yield from the fungus A. auricula in submerged culture [73]. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. on the Internet. The evaluation of the effect of fungal melanin on non-tumor cells is also interesting because it may serve as alternative to acute in vivo toxicity testing, avoiding the indiscriminate use of animals. This strategy may be used to improve nanomaterials with potential applications as efficient catalysts and electrocatalysts. Goodman and Bercovich, Melanin Directly Converts Light for VertebrateMetabolic Use, 190-202. First published October 15, 2009. - Except for Top Supporter Exclusive ContentAnd My Undying Gratitude!!! However, it is important to emphasize that different properties are observed for melanins derived from different substrates. Home > Development of methods for producing melanin soluble in aqueous cosmetic buffers at physiological pH and temperature may make possible the use of this pigment as ingredients of face and hand creams, lotions, antiaging ointments, or foundation makeups, acting as a screen and antioxidant for the protection against photoinduced skin damages [149]. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! WebMAGICKAL HOODOO VOODOO HEALING SUPERFOODS. Impressively, however, 90 percent of the mice that had been given melanin-richmushroomsor white mushrooms supplemented with melanin survived.29. According to Dr Timothy Moore In humans, melanin is the primary determinant of skin and hair colour Production of the microbial pigments is one of the emerging fields of research due to a growing interest of the industry for safer products, easily degradable and eco-friendly. This turning pointfirst the hairlessness, then the expansion of the brainmay be directly traced back to melanin, exemplifying how paramount it is to our species resilience and survival. In a recent study, our group characterized the pigment produced by A. nidulans mutants as DOPA-melanin according to the results obtained with specific inhibitors of DHN- and DOPA-melanin pathways [93]. As stated, a percentage of your subscription will be donated to this Worthy cause..Copstopguardian.org. $33.33. Scheme adapted from Ref. Another study of the biocompatibility of melanin thin films demonstrated that the melanin film effectively supports the growth of undifferentiated stem cells and their differentiation into neuronal precursors and neurons [146]. This is one example among several that challenge the widely held assumption that animals are incapable of directly utilizing light energy.18. It absorbs all visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence its dark coloration, and, most notably, converts and dissipates potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation into heat. In recent years, efforts have been focused on investigating the potential use of this pigment as active material in tissue repair engineering. [34] reported that the extracellular melanin produced by the fungus S. commune was effective against human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its potential application in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. These results showed that melanin thin films have great potential in the reconstruction of tissues, being biodegradable, and possess inflammatory response comparable to silicone. A state of the art facility which uses disciplined scholarship to ascertain objective knowledge regarding melanin and maintain a database of such knowledge would help to expand the awareness of melanin and its actual characteristics. Being hairless left us vulnerable to fluctuations in weather since, in comparison to other primates, we must expend significant extra energy to produce body heat to stay warm. These authors also studied the culture of C. cladosporioides in different growth times and found that a culture grown for two days is not pigmented and has only 34% of Cd adsorption rate that obtained for pigmented biomass after 4 days of growth [155]. The biosynthetic pathway of fungal dihydroxynaphthalene(DHN)-melanin. According to the authors, these media contain nutrients that can regulate the expression of genes of interest and activate metabolic pathways important for the production of pigments. Contact our London head office or media team here. Mice treated with melanin-coated nanoparticles have higher white blood cell and platelet counts than control mice after radiation treatment [117]. Fungal melanins are negatively charged, hydrophobic pigments of high molecular weight formed by oxidative polymerization from phenolic and/or indolic compounds, such as glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) or catechol or 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). 306 ratings 30 reviews. The production of devices based on thin film melanin exhibited electrical conductivity comparable to that of amorphous silicon [130]. Write a reviewor get your copy ofREGENERATE here. Besides, the microorganisms produce an extraordinary range of pigments that include several chemical classes such as carotenoids, melanins, flavins, phenazines, quinones, monascins, violacein, or indigo, as shown in Table1. The anti-cell proliferation effect of fungal melanin in tumoral cell lines has already been demonstrated. 103 pages, Paperback Published September 1, 2001 Keywords fungi pigment melanin This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. In experimental models, melanin can successfully shield bone marrow from such side effects. 24. WebK12 School Digital and Curricular Classroom Materials - NGL Apart from this scavenging ability, melanin exhibits other biological activities, including thermoregulatory, photoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory [13, 17, 18, 3134]. However, it is known that for the success of microbial fermentation processes, it is necessary to choose the correct productive culture strain and to determine the appropriate cultivation conditions [4, 8, 36]. Classics Collection (Illustrated), Spain: Truth behind the Myth: A Foreignor's Personal Perspective, Free Men And Dreamers Volume 2: Twilights Last Gleaming, Crashing Down - A Post-Apocalyptic Novel (The Ravaged Land Series Book 3), Multidimensional Systems: Signal Processing and Modeling Techniques: Volume 69, Trade Dress and Design Law Elective Series (Elective (Aspen)), Julius Caesar: To the Banks of the Rubicon - The Story of the Roman People vol. 3 (May-June 2001): 3-12. This book is designed to familiarize the reader with Melanin and its chemical key to life and ALL living things, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. V. Vember and N. Zhdanova, Peculiarities of Linear Growth of the Melanin-Containing Fungi Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penz. 2 (April 1961): 440-41,https://doi.org/10.2307/1932103. It has been reported that melanin contributes for virulence of C. neoformans, protecting the pathogen against free radicals generated immunologically [29]. 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen It serves a wide range of additional physiological roles, including free radical scavenging, charge transfer, toxicant chelation, endocrine functions,16and gene protection. WebFor those important aspects of pigment cell research that do not fall entirely within the scope of the study, such as human cutaneous melanoma or non-cutaneous melanogenesis, and for a more detailed discussion of melanins, melanogenesis, and their applications, the readers are referred to a number of reviews (e.g. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Apart from the scavenging activity, melanin exhibits other biological activities, including thermoregulatory, radio- and photoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. Cracks in 100% nearly all topic of importance to you, like. Human hairlessness occurred concurrently with an augmentation in the melanin content of the skin, paving the way for a process called photomelanometabolism.19In what is known as ultrafast internal conversion, melanin can convert 99.9 percent of potentially gene-damaging ultraviolet light into harmless heat, fulfilling both sun blocking and energy-generating functions.20. WebIn his book The Science & Myth of Melanin Dr. Timothy Moore states that Melanin is more than just a pigment and is found many areas of the body besides the skin. Sign up for their newsletter here. [145] reported that thin films of melanin were found to enhance Schwann cell growth and neurite extension in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) compared to collagen films in vitro. 4.37. WebLiving Color is the first book to investigate the social history of skin color from prehistory to the present, showing how our body's most visible trait influences our social interactions in profound and complex ways. Buy on Amazon. Microbial pigments have gained attention owing to a growing interest of the industry in safer products, easily degradable, eco-friendly and do not cause harmful effects. The extracellular melanin isolated from S. commune showed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens and antifungal activity against dermatophytic fungi, Trichophyton simii, and T. rubrum [34]. isolated from a wall surface, suggesting the application of these nanoparticles as effective paint additives. 30. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Most Ascomycota fungi synthesize DHN-melanin from the polyketide synthase pathway, whereas few species are able to produce melanin through L-DOPA, in a pathway that resembles mammalian melanin biosynthesis [1113]. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen A study on the use of melanin for the treatment of Parkinsons disease, an amelioration in the monkeys overall functional ability and secondary motor manifestations by the administration of an effective amount of melanin in monkeys treated with MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine), a toxin that causes a neurodegenerative disease, was observed. (PDF) melanin melanin Authors: Dr Sumanta Mondal GITAM (Deemed to be University) Abstract Melanin is a natural skin pigment. This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. It has been reported the use of melanin, a biopolymer with good biocompatibility and biodegradability, intrinsic photo-acoustic properties, binding ability to drugs, and chelating property to radioactive metal ions, as an efficient endogenous nanosystem for imaging-guided chemotherapy [152]. The melanin-silver nanostructures with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against food pathogens also have potential applicability in food processing and food packaging industries [124]. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Packed with knowledge of the food of the gods. Microbial pigment production is now one of the emerging fields of research due to its potential for various industrial applications, as foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and textile manufacturing processes. These results indicate that corn steep liquor contains substances that stimulate the synthesis of pigment and it represents a low-cost fermentation medium for large-scale production of the pigment melanin by MEL1 mutant for future industrial applications [74]. Access To Status Law Class #1.. What is Status?. For example, melanized fungal species as Cladosporium spp., Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Hormoconis resinae were found to colonize the walls of the damaged reactor at Chernobyl where they are exposed to a high constant radiation field [18, 19]. Since melanin has characteristics of functional materials and bioorganic, a growing number of researchers see this pigment with great interest, taking advantage of their properties for numerous biotechnological applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, electronic, and food processing industries [12, 19, 35]. In the context, we hope that the information in this book will be useful and will encourage a greater number of researches on fungal melanin, which might be useful to deploy innovative and sustainable solutions for human health and the environment. Among the physical properties of melanin, the electrical conductivity is one of the most interesting to investigate in the perspective of technological application. [13]. The pigment production capability of fungal species belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Lecanicillium, and Fusarium was evaluated in different culture media, and the results showed that the complex media, as potato dextrose (PD) and malt extract (ME), favored increased pigment production [47]. This study demonstrated that toxin-induced Parkinsons disease could be prevented in the melanin-treated animals because the administered melanin causes chelation or scavenging of toxins, such as MPTP, thus preventing a neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinsons disease. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. Another study reported that melanized fungus Armillaria adsorb high concentrations of cations from the surrounding environment; some ions (Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Pb) were 50100 times more concentrated on rhizomorphs than in soil [156]. In Melanin, the Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and its physicochemical properties. Police Stop Law Packages CRC - Know Your Rights Manual - Qualified Immunity Notices Constitutional Rights Cards & Police Bond Liens! Study conducted by [154] showed that a melanin-rich strain of the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides biosorbed 2.5- to 4-fold more Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ion than non-melanic Penicillium digitatum. In species of Monascus, the pH influences the yield and quality of the produced pigment, with the highest red pigment excretion and production at alkaline pH [51, 52]. These nanoparticles displayed excellent antifungal properties toward an Aspergillus sp. Some fungal species produce a dark-brown pigment, known as melanin, by oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds, such as glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) or catechol or 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). The chelating power of fungal melanin can be explained by various functional groups present in the structure of this pigment, which provide an array of multiple nonequivalent binding sites for metal ions [14, 22]. Back To Tokyo Vittorio Brena LABEL: Yesenia GENRE: Deep House RELEASED: 2023-02-17 DOWNLOAD SIZE:: 17,32 MB TRACKS 1. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! 8 (August 2004): 656-https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x. Llaila O. Afrika. In other words, the energy freed up by using melanin in this novel way may have enabled the expansion of energetically intensive brain tissues such as the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for the higher thought processes of speech, information processing, impulse control, and decision making.23. Motohiro Takeda et al., Biophoton Detection as a Novel Techniquefor Cancer Imaging,Cancer Science95, no. Police Stop Law Packages CRC - Know Your Rights Manual - Qualified Immunity Notices Constitutional Rights Cards & Police Bond Liens! These results can be explained by melanin or other natural pigments present in the cell wall of these fungi that can act as the radiation receptor and/or as an energy transporter for metabolism. Book details & editions. :). The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. Therefore it is logical to ask whether the consumption of melanin from fungi might protect those higher on the food chainlike humansfrom radiation exposure. Humans with lighter skin tones may have gained vitamin D accessibility at the expense of the ability to convert sunlight into metabolic energy. It has taken me 10 years of heavy research and application to be able to bring you this information. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. First published October 15, 2009. Melanin possesses physicochemical properties and biological activities that make it a suitable biomaterial for a wide range of applications in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, electronic, and food processing industries. The protective action of melanin is related to its high efficiency to absorb and scatter photons, particularly the higher-energy photons from the UV and blue part of the solar spectrum. Melanin, the central pigment within our skin, and distributed throughout our bodies, is one of the most interesting biomolecules identified thus far. This result is related to melanin production during growth of the MEL1 mutant, since the biomass 48 hours is slightly pigmented, while the 72 hours biomass is dark due to the increased production of pigment [157]. This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of the research on fungal melanin, including the recently discovered biological activities and the potential use of this pigment for various biotechnological applications in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, materials science, and nanotechnology. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. Melanin is a biological molecule associated with pigmentation in humans and animals. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. How? Two examples of such therapeutic agents that will cross the blood-brain barrier when linked to melanin are boron and nerve growth factor. WebMAGICKAL HOODOO VOODOO HEALING SUPERFOODS. This pigment protects the conidia against digestion by proteases and hydrolases secreted by competitive microorganisms or against bactericidal and fungicidal proteins of animal origin, such as defensins, magainins, or protegrins [22]. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Amazon.com: Melanin Research Foundation: Books 1 result RESULTS Melanin: Energy from Light and the Soul's Ascent by Melanin Research Foundation | May 3, 2015 20 Kindle $399$6.12 Available instantly Paperback $612 FREE delivery Sat, Dec 10 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Need help? web pages In addition, these organisms can be genetically modified to increase productivity and quality of the produced pigments [37, 38]. xanonymous It has been reported that fungal melanin arranged in nanoparticles protects against extremely high levels of ionizing radiation and suggests that the protective efficacy of this pigment is a function of its chemical structure, the presence of stable free radical, and spatial arrangement [18]. 2 (2012): 202-11,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002. WebThis volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, Addeddate 2018-06-15 13:47:24 Identifier MelaninWhatMakesBlackPeopleBlackByLlailaAfrikaPDF Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6zw89t9z Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) Want to learn more from GreenMedInfo? Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. 16. Fungal melanins also exhibit growth inhibitory effect against various microorganisms. A great deal of the research at present defy a comprehensive standards based approach. Studies have shown that it is possible to use melanin as an ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared absorbing pigment in opthalmic devices, protective eyewear, windows, packaging material, umbrellas, canopies, and other similar media suitable for providing protection from radiation [139, 140]. Llaila O. Afrika. Studies developed in our laboratory, using a melanin-overproducing mutant (MEL1) from Aspergillus nidulans fungus, showed that the higher production of pigment occurred at incubation temperature of 28C compared to 37C [50]. Back To Tokyo Vittorio Brena LABEL: Yesenia GENRE: Deep House RELEASED: 2023-02-17 DOWNLOAD SIZE:: 17,32 MB TRACKS 1. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Deposition of homogeneous melanin layers for optoelectronics application is an issue of considerable technological relevance. I) by Carol Barnes Melanin: The Organizing Molecule Berkley CA: Institute for the Study of Consciousnesses (Thesis) Message To The Blackman in America by Elijah Muhammad Metu Neter Vol. 100% Health cracked, 100% Universal Laws (operating here cracked, how to take advantage), In 100% describes Biblical Law of Jesus Christ which operates in this reality and leads Amazon.com: Melanin Research Foundation: Books 1 result RESULTS Melanin: Energy from Light and the Soul's Ascent by Melanin Research Foundation | May 3, 2015 20 Kindle $399$6.12 Available instantly Paperback $612 FREE delivery Sat, Dec 10 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Need help? pheomelanin. Introductory Chapter: Melanin, a Versatile Guardia Department of Biochemistry and Technology Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, So Paulo State University, Araraquara, So Paulo, Brazil, Institute of Naturals and Exacts Sciences, UFMT, Mato Grosso Federal University, Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFES, Espirito Santo Federal University, Vitria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Mechanisms for UltrafastNonradiative Relaxation in Electronically Excited Eumelanin Constituents,Biophysics Journal95, no. From the ink of the octopus to the protective colorings of bacteria and fungi, melanin offers protection against a variety of biochemical and predatory threats and chemical stressors, and, most famously, acts as a photoprotective factor againstultraviolet radiation.
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the great book of melanin research pdf