picture of tonsil cyst

It can also a worse cough especially at night. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. The illness is highly contagious, and it is common in children. Learn about what causes tonsil stones, how to remove them, and more. See Five Simple Steps to Treat the Swollen Tonsils. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with However, a lump on the tonsils can result from more serious issues. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Find the causes below here. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Other causes include; irritation, bacterial infection and environmental factors. Teach your child to: To help your child prevent the spread of a bacterial or viral infection to others: Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Accessed Oct. 14, 2020. This results in creating the best conditions that slowly eliminate your tonsil cysts. The doctor will look into your mouth using a light and, possibly, a tongue depressor. White spots on the tonsils have several possible causes. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Also, if a person experiences any of the following symptoms, they should visit their doctor: To diagnose tonsillitis, a doctor will start with a general examination and will check for swelling around the tonsils, often with white spots. Yes, you can spread tonsillitis through kissing. Then start inhaling the heat steam from the bowl as much as possible. Side effects of a toddler receiving anesthesia? Accessed Oct. 9, 2020. Warner KJ. Find the possible causes, treatment removal and home remedies to get rid of a cyst on tonsils. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx. Throughout life, a person can have multiple episodes of tonsillitis along with the following symptoms: White pus or a yellowish coating appears when the tonsils are infected. Tonsil cancer caused by HPV tends to occur at a younger age and is more likely to respond well to available treatments. In: American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care. It can cause swelling of the tonsils and a sore throat, which might cause a person to suspect that they have tonsil cysts. Accessed Oct. 9, 2020. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Statistics. How to identify pus on Tonsils Does the white patches confirm Tonsillitis? Peroxide also can clear away the cysts when used daily. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, more than 54,000 adults in the country receive a diagnosis of oral or oropharyngeal cancer each year. Anderson, J., & Paterek, E. (2019). Read on to learn more about common tonsil issues, as well as the common conditions that are often mistaken for tonsil cysts. In such a case it may look like a lump. One symptom is bad breath, as the stones attract bacteria and fungi. A cyst can be described as a lump that has outer layer covering it. (2020). 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. A cyst on tonsil could be a mucous retention cyst developing in the throat, back of mouth and tonsils. He was worried about tonsil cancer even for a small case of tonsillitis. When you go across hundreds of cases of Tonsil cysts, you can identify a strange fact..if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'tonsilstoneremedies_net-leader-1','ezslot_22',811,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-tonsilstoneremedies_net-leader-1-0'); Did you face a sore throat or cold just before you identified your cyst? A cyst on tonsil can mean a number of possible reasons. A doctor might request a tonsillectomy if the tonsils are causing secondary issues, such as: If a tonsillectomy is necessary, doctors can choose from a variety of methods. This content does not have an Arabic version. A doctor may treat them with antibiotics or drain them. http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-of-the-mouth/pages/introduction.aspx, http://www.healthline.com/health/sore-throat your-doctor4, http://www.doctorshealthpress.com/general-health-articles/mucous-retention-cyst/, http://www.webmd.com/allergies/postnasal-drip 3, Bump on Eyeball: Raised, Pictures, Yellowish, Clear Bump, Under Eyelid, Treatment, Bump in Mouth: on Cheek, under Tongue, Gum, STD, White, Clear, Get Rid & Removal, Feeling like something is stuck in the throat, A lump in the mouth that refuses to go away, Your teeth becoming loose, sockets that fail to heal after tooth extraction, Unexplained and persistent numbness on the lip or tongue, White or red patches appearing on the lining of the mouth or tongue, Gargle the solution for at least 20 seconds, Drink a cup of this hot soup slowly preferably sip by sip. Aug. 10, 2020. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. They include: Sore ulcers in the mouth that takes several weeks to heal. Most of the painful cysts or lumps are benign, but they can become cancerous. The tonsils at the back of your throat will be red and swollen. Because appropriate treatment for tonsillitis depends on the cause, it's important to get a prompt and accurate diagnosis. Their function is to stop harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses from invading the nose and mouth. thank you ! However, there are important differences. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if a person also experiences: Tonsil cysts are noncancerous masses of cells on the tonsils, at the back of the throat. Mayo Clinic; 2019. to Quitting these habits can help to stop new cysts from coming. This is small sac that forms when the duct of mucus becomes blocked or irritated. Learn more about tonsillitis causes, diagnosis, and treatment. The biggest Doubt of Throat/Tonsil cancer: Whenever a person hears about cysts, the first thing they start worrying about is cancer. A person may mistake these for cysts. I am saying this every day. Im stuck as to what to do. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Symptoms can include a fever, chills, swelling of the tonsils, and a sore throat. You can gargle the tonsils with black tea twice every day. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Oral mucocele: A clinical and histopathological study. Several conditions can cause white spots to appear on the tonsils, Holes in the tonsils, or tonsillar crypts, can trap bacteria and become blocked with food and other debris. Tonsillitis is typically viral. ear pain. Tonsils are part of your immune system. This common sexually transmitted infection is detected in most tonsil cancers in the United States. Try to do some meditation anything to relax try to take your mind off it this its dam hard I know . A doctor may recommend surgically removing the cyst, which is kept intact to avoid irritating surrounding tissues. It may also be a tonsil stone. This may sound stupid but I have convinced myself that it's the worst thing because two different gps said they never seen anything like it before, they sent me away with a 5 day course of antibiotics which I have now finished and nothing has changed, and I have been referred onto a specialist, im just hoping someone here has had a cyst or something similar, and can put my mind at rest, my appointment isn't for 2 weeks and I'm completely obsessing over this. It typically refers to cancers that originate in the pharynx (the throat). Take a bowl of water. See Does Tonsil stones surgery (Laser surgery) truly work? Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. First diagnosis was a tonsil stone! Tonsil cyst removal is usually through surgery Most cysts are benign therefore non-cancerous. Your tonsils contain lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight illnesses. (2014). Drink plenty of warm liquids. .Paradise JL. There are pictures to give you a visual guide on how the cyst appears. Theyre covered with a pink mucous membrane, similar to the mucosa of the lining of your mouth. SeeHow to identify pus on Tonsils Does the white patches confirm Tonsillitis? Viral and bacterial infections are the most common causes. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Hello, I'm a 28 year old female, I found a baked bean shaped and size cyst just above my toncil, I think I had either a virus or a bacterial infection which caused a cold and cough about a week before I noticed the cyst, although the cyst could have been there before I just didn't notice it, it's not painful and it's not causing me any symptoms apart from severe anxiety. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Antihistamines and decongestants can often help with treat postnasal drip caused by sinusitis and viral infections. Below here are the symptoms of mouth cancer. Throughout the post, you will find more of these pictures. Manage Settings They are collections of lymphoid tissue that form part of the immune system. Accessed Oct. 8, 2020. So it is often tricky to identify these tonsil cysts, as the symptoms are pretty much similar to that of other tonsil problems.. (I personally suggest a kit like this for properly identifying your tonsil problem)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'tonsilstoneremedies_net-box-4','ezslot_8',810,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-tonsilstoneremedies_net-box-4-0'); So Ill tell you some of the common symptoms of tonsil cysts.. Trismus (lock jaw) after Head & Neck cancer treatment: What helps? Tonsil Cyst Pictures Cyst On Tonsil A Tonsil Cyst is a kind of infection or disease of the throat. The most common types of virus that infect the tonsils include: Less commonly, the following can cause viral tonsillitis: The most common type of bacteria to infect the tonsils is Streptococcus pyogenes. Learn more about causes and treatments. Previously, doctors regularly recommended surgery to treat tonsillitis. Common illnesses and concerns. Some of them are discussed below-. Mitchell RB, et al. It is somthing within the tonsil. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Mayo Clinic; 2019. They are meant to give you a visual aid that you can relate with your symptoms. They form as a result of retraction of the notochord where it contacts with the endoderm of the primitive pharynx. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/herpesviruses/infectious-mononucleosis. I haven't had no throat pain, except a few days ago I felt as if there was a lump in my throat everytime I swollowed, it gradually got more and more uncomfortable hence my visit to A&E. Parts that are affected include the sinuses, salivary gland, the vocal cords, the lips, throats near the tonsils. A person may be unaware that they have them, but someone might mistake a large tonsil stone for a cyst. Do you have pain with yours, has it changed at all? DOI: Erol K, et al. But the problem is that these antibiotics stop the irritation and pain but doesnt solve the real problem of eliminating the cyst completely. The tonsils are two masses of soft tissue at the back of the throat. The symptoms of tonsil cancer are similar to tonsillitis or strep throat. Instead, a doctor may recommend watchful waiting, to see whether any changes in the cyst occur. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2017. https://www.ebscohost.com/ebooks. Anyone with a growth on their tonsils should let a doctor know. We avoid using tertiary references. Tonsil surgery can be performed to remove or drain the cyst. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition. They are at thegateway of the respiratory tract and the digestive tract. Continue with Recommended Cookies. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice. Picture of Tonsil cyst: . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In the post, you will find the medical question on tonsil cyst. No swollen glands or anything like that. When on a course of antibiotics, a person must follow the full course and continue taking them, even if the symptoms have resolved. Post nasal drip due to cold or sinusitis could be the cause. Epithelial cysts of the tonsils are. Viral or bacterial tonsillitis can be contagious and spread from person to person. The infection may spread to other parts of the body and cause complications, including: Complications are usually rare. of I've had all the procedures now and on the 27th August will get the results . include protected health information. Common sweetener erythritol tied to higher risk of stroke and heart attack, Gout: How metabolic syndrome may increase the risk, A new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure due to aortic stenosis, Skipping breakfast and fasting may compromise the immune system. Tonsil Cyst: Is It Serious?Disclaimer: The materials and the information contained on this channel are provided for general and educational purposes only and. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Listen to the stories of the People who experienced this problem: Story 1: A while back I started getting a strange feeling at the back of my throat. If you still feel like you are having post nasal drip (even now), it is advised to do a saline nasal rinse for relief). I have a white/pinkish lump on my tonsil. Throat and tonsil Surgery can be performed to drain the mucous. Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. (2016). Other strains of strep and other bacteria also may cause tonsillitis. Tonsil cyst Treatment:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'tonsilstoneremedies_net-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_4',812,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-tonsilstoneremedies_net-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Whenever you visit the doctor with a tonsil cyst, the first thing he does is giving an antibiotic and later suggesting tonsil surgery. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. So in order to treat the tonsil cysts, you need to stop this post nasal drip and mucus production. How long have you had yours for? A cyst is a slow-growing, noncancerous mass of cells contained in a sac wall. Dry air can irritate the throat. We also provide some facts about treatment, including the removal of tonsils. Kliegman RM, et al. A cyst is a slow-growing, noncancerous mass of cells contained in a sac wall. Drinking plenty of fluids will prevent the throat from drying out and becoming more uncomfortable. is there any other way for me to reach you for further information about tonsil cyst ? Learn more, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Findatopdoc.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Antibiotics haven't worked, pain comes and goes, sometimes I can feel it, others I can't, today my neck is really stiff and sore. SeeClear cut symptoms of tonsil stones in your throat. Lots of opinions in journals about treating all non responsive to antibiotics lumps as worst case til confirmed otherwise (ie tonsillectomy and biopsy) but it would be good to know how you get on in covid times. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck. You can choose to drink green tea or lemon tea as lemon has additional qualities that can clear away the infected tissues. A cyst in mouth, back of throat and tonsil could cause difficulty in important tasks such breathing or swallowing food. If a person cannot treat tonsillitis at home, a range of treatment options is available. Required fields are marked *. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Lymphoepithelial cyst in the Palatine tonsil. Accessed Oct. 14, 2020. This content does not have an English version. Mayo Clinic. When tonsils become infected, the condition is called tonsillitis. White or yellow coating or patches on the tonsils, Enlarged, tender glands (lymph nodes) in the neck, Drooling due to difficult or painful swallowing, A sore throat that doesn't go away within 24 to 48 hours, Disrupted breathing during sleep (obstructive sleep apnea), Infection that spreads deep into surrounding tissue (tonsillar cellulitis), Infection that results in a collection of pus behind a tonsil (peritonsillar abscess), Rheumatic fever, a serious inflammatory condition that can affect the heart, joints, nervous system and skin, Complications of scarlet fever, a streptococcal infection characterized by a prominent rash, Inflammation of the kidney (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis), Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis, a condition that causes inflammation of the joints, Wash his or her hands thoroughly and frequently, especially after using the toilet and before eating, Avoid sharing food, drinking glasses, water bottles or utensils, Replace his or her toothbrush after being diagnosed with tonsillitis, Keep your child at home when he or she is ill, Ask your doctor when it's all right for your child to return to school, Teach your child to cough or sneeze into a tissue or, when necessary, into his or her elbow, Teach your child to wash his or her hands after sneezing or coughing. The size can vary widely. Flint PW, et al., eds. A sensation that something is caught in the back of your throat, Being infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). Non-cancerous tumours and conditions of the oropharynx. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. Symptoms of a Tonsil cyst: There are various tonsil problems like tonsil stones, tonsillitis, sore throat, strep throat etc.. Particularly, in the case of tonsil cysts, good oral hygiene can truly show up wonders in clearing them away. This condition can cause the tonsils to become inflamed and red, with white patches. If you have tonsillitis, you should avoid kissing to prevent the spread of the virus or bacteria to another person. Rarely, if left untreated, certain types of bacteria may lead to rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation. Thus tonsil cysts need to be correctly identified and treated accordingly. Their function is to stop harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses from invading the nose and mouth. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/actions-prevent-flu.htm. Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat one tonsil on each side. DOI: 10.1177/0194599818801757. Tonsil cancer can cause difficulty swallowing and a sensation that something is caught in your throat. Doctor told me he didn't think m it was anything sinister but to keep an eye on it over the next 2/4 weeks. 2nd ed. 2023 Wyomingskygoldens. Print Throat cancer is a subgroup of head and neck cancers. A cyst in tonsil could be a mucous retention cyst. (2013). Larger cysts that cause a sensation of a "lump in other information we have about you. They are not cancerous. This can develop in the glands producing saliva, at the back of the mouth and throat. Dmitry Marchenko/Getty Images Tonsil stones form when debris, such as food, dead cells, bacteria, and other substances, becomes trapped on the tonsils. red or white patches on the affected tonsil. The alkalol can clear the nasal discharge down the throat and slowly clear away the cysts. Squeeze its juice in a glass. Mononucleosis. Bingl F, et al. I agree that a number of websites online bombard with cancer as the conclusion for each and every problem. On a side note I'm very skinny and have lost my appetite the past few years, I'm always tired but to be honest that's nothing new I have felt fatigued my whole life I don't really have a history of sore throats or anything like that. Learn about a variety of home remedies for. Head and neck cancers (adult). Resting enables the body to preserve energy for fighting the infection rather than using it on daily activities. so i made an appointment with the doctor who told me i had tonsil cysts and prescribed me a serious of nasal sprays and antibiotics. However, they will not do so for a person with viral tonsillitis. Today we will give you complete guidance and show you the perfect way of handling these tonsil cysts.. Cysts are nothing but small bubble-like sack structures that hold liquids which can be pus or any other liquid. Although they are less common, you should check for the symptoms. Kliegman RM, et al. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. It can be triggered by many causes such as: Post nasal drip makes you have the urge to constantly want to clear your throat. Showing They can lead to damage in your respiratory tract. Your tonsils, also known as palatine tonsils, are oval-shaped pads located at the back of your throat. Make a donation. 21st ed. They are usually painless and grow slowly. Same here too. If a cyst becomes infected, it turns into an abscess. Eat cold, soft foods such as frozen yogurt or ice cream. Tonsillitis. Tonsil cysts do not usually cause symptoms and grow slowly. Ferri FF. Trying not to get worried, especially as my brother has recently been diagnosed with cancerof the oesophagus. Anyway new year weekend, really sore again more so than last time, looked again, still there so made a telephone appt with GP last Monday and sent her some pics thinking it was an abcess as there appears to be some swelling between the tonsil and neck (there's some throat membrane pushed out and fwd so can't fully see the tonsil or how the swelling is attached). This is rare, but If it occurs, seek medical attention urgently. Alkalol will slowly decrease the size of the cyst making it go away fast. A peritonsillar abscess is a bacterial infection that can form a pocket of pus near one of your tonsils. What is the treatment for tonsils cysts? Tonsil Cancer royalty-free images 865 tonsil cancer stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. Common signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include: In young children who are unable to describe how they feel, signs of tonsillitis may include: It's important to get an accurate diagnosis if your child has symptoms that may indicate tonsillitis. It is a message from one of the fans from our fanpage. Gargling with saltwater might reduce discomfort. Click here. Simple Facebook login. Treatment comes into play if the cyst causes severe pain. Tonsillar retention cysts are the most common type of tonsil cyst. Normally, they are pinkish in color. We avoid using tertiary references. I was glj g to pay for a private appointment with an ENT but thinking now I may be being silly and I should just listen to what the doctor has told me, I have had the same , when I swollen feels like something is stuck in my throat , it makes me gag a lot and am sick a lot, I see ent and they said was cysts but won't do anything because I'm pregnant, it isn't painful but call feel it all the time and is uncomfortable ! (2020). Thanks for any help or information anyone can give me. he was was frustrated that I was sent to him and said its nothing to be worried about it's just one of those things I could have for ever or it may just disappear, it's basically a little cyst filled with mucus and i was told not to worry unless it starts growing and effects my breathing. They belong to the lymphatic system and help fight infections. Cysts on the tonsils may cause no symptoms. If you want to remove out your tonsil cyst completely. Using air humidifiers or sitting in a steamy bathroom can alleviate this. information submitted for this request. Its highly unlikely that a cyst on your tonsils will cause any serious problems. Sign Up For The Latest Healthy Living Updates. A Picture of Tonsil Cyst Cyst on tonsil causes Epidermoid cysts account for less than 0.01% of all cystic lesions in the mouth and throat. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. You may see your doctor if the sore throat or cold lasts for more than one week. They are usually benign but may . So Ill give you the Treatments that truly work for Tonsil cysts thus eliminating from the problem root.. Alkalol is a solution that contains many herbal ingredients such as peppermint oil, menthol, and eucalyptol. A peritonsillar abscess is a painful, pus-filled collection of tissue that forms in the back of the throat near one of the tonsils. Reye's syndrome information page. This post will provide you detailed information from NHS. (2021). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that increases the risk of certain types of throat cancer. The picture inserted below is to help you understand how tonsils cyst actually look like. Otherwise, if the cyst is causing you severe pain, the tonsils can be removed through surgery. This (may sound stupid ) well no it doesn't nor does crying, obsessing convincing yourself you have got Cancer it's what we do . You have one tonsil on the right and another one on the left. (2021). A doctor should check to rule out other conditions that can cause growths in the area. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck. So it is often tricky to identify these tonsil cysts, as the symptoms are pretty much similar to that of other tonsil problems.. . It all begins with an itchy sore throat You feel that it is a normal sore throat and ignore it completely. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. but please do keep me updated! They form because of blocked mucus glands. Either way I'll let you know what's said xx. Could it be a symptom of an underlying medical condition like cancer? https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Does Tonsil stones surgery (Laser surgery) truly work? 4 . I went to the doctors yesterday. These cysts are usually not a cause for concern. How to Find the Best Botox Provider in Your Area, Best and Worst Substitutes for Heavy Cream, State Senator Sparks Outrage, Says Nurses Play Cards For a Considerable Amount of the Day. Other indications are irritated tonsils, white nodules on your tonsils and bad, Swollen tonsils, also called tonsillitis, can be caused by a number of issues. Irecieved an appointment two weeks ago for an appointment at the end of the month. Anyone who may have a tonsil cyst should contact a healthcare professional. I am 23 and my left tonsil has gotten really swollen and I have a White spot on the tonsil. Most sore throats or cold are causes by viral infection. Epidermoid cyst localized in the Palatine tonsil. It helps remove harmful infections such as bacteria or virus. These abscesses result from tonsillitis and can be painful. MS: Can the Mediterranean diet help preserve cognitive health? In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2021. A few simple remedies can help a person reduce symptoms of tonsillitis at home: Tonsils are the first line of defense against potential diseases and infections. They occur when debris, such as dead cells or food, collect in the crevices of the tonsils and harden, forming small yellow or white stones.. Today, a doctor will not recommend a tonsillectomy unless the condition is chronic and recurring. Tonsils are the oval-shaped pads located at the back of your throat on right and left sides. But you still feel something stuck in your throat. All rights reserved. Closure at the orifice results in so called cystic type, while crusts adhering to the orifice . The tonsil can be surgically removed. The most common symptoms of tonsillitis include: Some people may develop tonsil stones, which doctors also call tonsilloliths or tonsillar calculi. I am going through the same situation, cyst on my tonsil, not responding to antibiotics nearly finished the course now. This is based on the types of cysts. AskMayoExpert. This particular position allows the tonsils to prevent harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, to enter the body through the nose or mouth. The treatment plan may involve a combination of approaches, including: Several health conditions share some features with tonsil cysts.

Kroger Employee Handbook 2022, South Dakota High School Track And Field State Records, Adjoa Andoh Husband Howard Cunnell, Articles P